
From the Jeremy Kirby's entry on
Chrysippus in the IEP.
"...Aristotelian arguments above made use of
classes. The ... relata herein are
propositions [not classes]—Stoics called these ‘sayables’—rather than classes. In Aristotelian logic, the key connectives are ‘
all’, ‘
some’, ‘
is’, and ‘
is not’. In Chrysippus’ logic, the key connectives are ‘
if’, ‘
or’, ‘
and’, ‘
not’. "
Modus ponens: If p, q; p; ergo, q. : p→q, p, ∴q
Modus tollens: If p, q; not q; ergo, not p. : p→q, ¬q, ∴¬p
Modus ponendo tollens: Either p or q; p; ergo not q.: p∨q, p, ¬q
Modus tollendo ponens-1: Either p or q; not q; ergo p.: p∨q, ¬q, p
Modus tollendo ponens-2: Not both p and q; p; ergo, not q. ¬(p∧q), p, ¬q
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